We are HOPROEN company and we make this blog to report everybody about the new houses built by us.
- The urbanism.
- The construction.
- The rehabilitation of houses.
HOW ARE WE WORK?
WHAT IS OUR ESSENCE?
Hoproen think that the next question is essential :
What thinks and how the final user of the house acts?
We want to help, for this, the companies and professionals of Hoproen are working with a motive:
To do a major and better application of the bioclimatic criteria.
Other principal thing is the application of the bioclimatic criteria in the construction, don't mean an increase of house's cost.
BIOCLIMATIC HOUSES
Hoproen is a pioneer and offers building projects capable of improving considerably the quality of our lives.
In the context of ongoing search, we carry out projects which show our dedication to modern construction methods of non-energy consuming projects.
Specifically, responsibility to the environment and people has inspired the company to create a complex of 3 bioclimatic and bio-ecological houses with a surface of 300 m2 each and a parking, which were designed with comfort, structural soundness and minimization of heating, cooling and lighting expenses and their integration in natural environment in mind.
These houses are located in Albal and are constructed in line with a bioclimatic design and using environment-friendly materials, 40-cm masonry, heat insulation using Heraklith wood wool, ventilated foundation – radon discharge in the atmosphere, the creation of a microclimate in the surrounding area, rainwater management methods, planted roofs, light pipes, in-floor heating, aerothermy-geothermy, solar panels, photovoltaic systems, etc, thus ensuring a new lifestyle for their owners.
At the same time, by investing in establishing a good relationship with our customers, HOPROEN constructions guarantees innovative structures together with full technical assistance before and after completion of the project.
BIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECTURE AND SUSTAINABILITY
1.-INTRODUCTION
Generally, the architecture is defined as the science applied to the design of spaces for the development of the human activities. It will give answer to the following parameters:
- Functional: to be useful in relation with the function which it is destined (housing, museum, hospital ...)
- Constructive: the architectural design must can constructed, having in it(he,she) counts(tells) the economy of means, budget, materials, etc
- Esthetic: the perception, the taste, the different stylistic currents, etc.
·Environmental: the architecture must give answer to the way in the one that is located, the climate and other factors for give as answer the maximum comfort to the user. In relation with this environmental factors it enters in game the bioclimatic architecture.
And, What environmental / climatic parameters do influence the comfort? Fundamentally, we will speak about four basic parameters to considering:
1. The thermal conditioning
2. The lighting
3. The isolation and control of the sound
4. The relation with the way
We can say that the bioclimatic architecture can with this 4 parameters to reach two basic aims:
-The confort of the user.
-The energetic saving,the sustainability, less expenses(Low consumption of electrical energy in lighting, heating, air conditioning ...; minimal expense of water resources...)
·Minim ecological mark (recycling of residues and fecal waters, employment of sustainable materials in his building …)
1.1. THE CLIMATE
In the world exist different climatic zones with his own characteristics and we can summarize in the following ones:
- Hot-dry regions: they are characterized by high diurnal temperatures but low night temperatures, much sun and owers dampness. It is the case of the desert zones, for example.
- Hot-humid regions: they are characterized by the high temperatures and the high dampness.
It is the case of the tropical zones for example.
- Cold regions: characterized by the low temperatures, the most paradigmatic example is that of the zones near the poles.
·Moderate regions: this one is the case of the Mediterranean zone, and is characterized by the great variability of the climatic factors throughout the year and the seasonal cycles. In our case, we are going to design a house in a zone of Mediterranean climate, there will be necessary to bear this variability in mind.
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2. THE BIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECTURE:
The bioclimatic architecture takes as a purpose the control of four basic parameters about which we have spoken (thermal conditioning, lighting, isolation and control of the sound, and relation with the way) to achieve like proved the comfort and the energetic saving.
But, how that factors influence the above mentioned parameters?, and, How to control them?.
About it precisely we will speak later.
2.1. TEMPERATURE AND THERMAL CONDITIONING:
The temperature, and the form in which this one is perceived by the human is determined by two basic parameters: The air and the dampness on the one hand, and the solar radiation for other one.
2.1.1. THE AIR AND THE DAMPNESS:
The temperature is a factor objetivable (measurable in degrees Celsius for example),
THERMAL SENSATION, that is to say, how the human being perceives it, depends not only on the above mentioned temperature, but also on other factors
- the temperature of the air (the one that we measure in degrees Celsius, already commented)
- the speed of the air
- the dampness.
And, why it depend of these parameters? Well then, the human body is a machine that generates heat, and to regulate his temperature, he uses two mechanisms:
- the breathing
- the perspiration across the skin(sweat)
Therefore, and for the same temperature of the air, (let's put as example a high temperature) the following thing happens:
- if the dampness is low, a better evaporation of the sweat, therefore it(he,she) improves the perspiration and diminishes the thermal sensation (we notice less heat). On the contrary, if the dampness is high, it(he,she) impedes the perspiration and we will notice more heat for the same temperature of the air.
- if the speed of the air is high, there is improved the transfer of temperature and dampness by means of the skin(leather), and therefore low the thermal sensation (we notice less heat). Nevertheless, if the air does not move, we will notice more heat.
2.1.2. THE SOLAR RADIATION:
The solar radiation is an electromagnetic radiation that is translated on the one hand in light, and for other one, transforming in heat energy.
In this paragraph we us go to centring in the transmission of solar radiation in the shape of heat across the closings of the housing (of indirect form) and the openings (windows, doors ...) of direct form.
Therefore, and seen these parameters, we must do the following question: what response do we want that of our
Bioclimatic house in the moderate(tepid)-Mediterranean climate in the one that is located?:
- in WINTER: we will want to preserve the interior heat
- in SUMMER: we will want to protect from the heat the interior of the housing.
And how will we obtain it? So by means of a series of BIOCLIMATIC STRATEGIES OR SOLUTIONS that we will see later.
2.1.3. BIOCLIMATIC STRATEGIES AND SOLUTION FOR THE THERMAL CONDITIONING OF ONE
BUILDING:
A/ PLACE AND EMPLACEMENT:
It is important to define the location or emplacement of the housing in the immediately nearby environment (the plot or lot), having in it tells the orientation (that we will see hereinafter(later on)), the woodland and the vegetation, the topography of the area, the water resources, etc.
In this respect, the architecture vernacular has could give response creating environments improved by means of factors as:
- the emplacement
- the disposition of the streets
- the sustainable employment of the water resources....
B/THE ORIENTATION:
You know, the land turns about the Sun, so that, with regard to the incident of the solar radiation on the land we will distinguish three zones in the globe:
- the zones near(next) the equator: the above mentioned zones are near to the plane of adjournment of the land respect of the Sun, therefore, the solar radiation affects in them of " almost perpendicular " way. It is for this that, if we were placing in a zone near(next) the equator, we would observe that the Sun realizes a tour throughout the day contained in a plane practically perpendicular to our plane of the soil.
- the hemispheres north and south: in them, the solar radiation will affect with certain angle on the plane of the soil. Therefore, if I am in the north hemisphere I will observe how the Sun realizes a tour with certain inclination respect of my plane of the soil and in the south of my plot this one dawns for, it crosses the sky for the south and puts for the west.
Nevertheless, if I am in the south hemisphere, I will observe how the Sun realizes a tour with certain inclination but for the north.
In addition, and the more remote be of the equator, minor inclination will have the radiation I concern my plane of the soil.
And how can I verify which is the inclination and the tour that realizes the Sun in my plot? Since for it the SOLAR LETTERS are in use, existing different types (cylindrical, spherical), and that we will explain later.
Therefore, and I dress all that, what does try to be controlled by means of the good ORIENTATION of a housing?
In winter our aim will be to increase the energy input (by means of openings in the fronts SOUTH AND SOUTH-EAST, provided that we are in the north hemisphere and It is for the south where we get the radiation) and. In turn, to try(get) the minimal loss of heat.
In summer, nevertheless, our aim will be the antonymus: to diminish the penetration of solar radiation by means of the fronts SOUTH, TH AND WEST, as well as across the cover.
But, how do we obtain this? So in a following way:
1) Avoiding the incident of the solar radiation on the closing, by means of the employment of:
- Vertical barriers in the fronts East and West (vegetable(plant) barriers, vertical muds.
Brise-soleil ...)
- projecting in the southern part
2) Avoiding the penetration of the radiation across the closings, by means of the employment of:
- air Chambers
- finished clear exteriors
- thermal inertia
C/CLOSINGS AND THERMAL INERTIA
Since already we have said before, the solar radiation turned into heat energy, it is transmitted across the closings from the warmest side towards the coldest side.
But, to what side of the closing does one find the coldest zone and to what side the warmest?.
Since this depends on the following cycles:
- the annual or stationary cycle: depending on the station more cold or more heat will do out of the housing that inside.
- the cycle day - night
Therefore, we will have to use different ways of controlling this exchange of heat energy across the closings, and that are the following ones:
- the ISOLATION: well by means of air chambers(cameras), or by means of insulating materials, which for his low conductivity impede the transmission of the heat energy. As for the cover, it is interesting to improve the isolation a “cover to realize garden ".
- The THERMAL INERTIA: This factor is directly proportional to the mass and the weight of the closing: a thick and heavy wall will impede more the flow of the heat energy. It is necessary to indicate that the thermal inertia is a resource widely used by the architectures vernaculars of the Mediterranean zone, which we can indicate as the “first bioclimatic ".
D/VENTILATION:
The step of the air across the housing is important on the one hand for health and for other one and as already we have said because, in hot climates, it improves the thermal sensation.
To favor the traffic of the air inside the housing can help us then to lower the consumption of air conditioning in summer and to save energy like that.
Therefore, and if we try to realize a bioclimatic house we will have to study the tour of the air and control it by means of the following parameters:
D.1/ PLACE AND CORRECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT:
By means of it we can favor or impede the step of the air by means of vegetable(plant) barriers, auxiliary constructions, etc.
D.2/FORM OF THE BUILDING:
On the one hand, the more compact it is the building, minor surface of losses will have.
In addition, and in relation to the air, we will place the main faces in favor of the favorable wind (breeze in summer), and without their affects on them the unfavorable wind (west in summer ...).
D.3/ OPENINGS
We will arrange openings in the closing (windows, doors ...) to favor the ventilation of the housing.
D.4/DEVICES OF REGULATION OF I ANGERED:
We can have practicable closings and mobile isolations (shutters, mobile grids ....) to regulate the air inlet.
D.5/STRATEGIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL IN RELATION TO THE VENTILATION:
We will differ between two types of systems:
- The generating systems of air movement: that reinforces the air step
- the systems of treatment of the air: that improve the conditions of temperature and dampness of the air.
Let's see so different examples:
D.5.1/MOVES’S SISTEMS GENERATORS GIVE I ANGERED:
D.5.1.1/VENTILATION CRUSADE:
This technology is based in having openings (windows, grids ...) in fronts objected of the housing and exposed to a favorable draught (breeze of the sea, for example) so that there is generated a current of ventilation that crosses the housing.
To favor this current there has to be born in mind that the warm air weighs less, and therefore it places in levels higher than the cold, which is in the habit of being nearer to the soil. Therefore, the inlet of cold air must be an opening near to the soil whereas the exit of warm air must be placed in the high parts of the front, in order that this way a draught is generated.
D.5.1.2/ CHIMNEY EFFECT
Of functioning similar to the previous one, it takes place is produced on having created an air exit with hollows placed in the top part of the space.
D.5.1.3/CAMERA OR SOLAR CHIMNEY
It works catching radiation inside a camera scone a surface of dark color protected by a cover of crystal. On having warmed the air it diminishes his density and an effect of suction takes place is produced in the low openings in touch with the interior.
D.5.1.4/ STATIC VACUUM CLEANERS
They use the effect VENTURI, based on the suction produced by the air in movement that crosses the vacuum cleaner and that sucks the air of the interior spaces.
D.5.1.5/TOWN OF WIND
It is a question of towers or chimneys that rise up to a sufficient height to catch the wind where this one is more intense and to lead it to the interior of the housing.
D.5.2/SYSTEMS OF TREATMENT OF I ANGERED:
These use fundamentally the effect of the refrigeration evaporative, that is based in removing dampness to the air so that, the water, on having evaporated, steals energy to the air and therefore to diminish his temperature.
As examples we will take the following ones:
D.5.2.1/VENTILATION UNDERGROUND:
It consists of favoring the entry of the air that comes from a set of buried conduits. To cool the above mentioned air the thermal inertia of the area is used therefore.
D.5.2.2/THE COURT
The court is an architectural element widely used in the historical architecture and vernacular Mediterranean: let's take as example the Roman "domus", with the interior court with pond known like "impluvium", or the architecture nazarí, whose paradigm is the Alhambra and his palaces placed about two court: the Court of the Lions and the Court of the Myrtles, the first one with a source in his center and the second one with a pond.
And why were they using it? why is it so common in the Mediterranean architecture?
Well then, because a several simultaneous phenomena of bioclimatic control:
- Control of the temperature:
By means of the control of the solar direct radiation (a court generates shades on fronts, on the soil ...) and the refrigeration (arranging a source or pond in his interior, we cool the air that circulates across the court ventilating the stays that overturn him..)
- light control: by means of a court we can sift the light radiation that comes to the closings, for example.
- acoustic control: we generate an acoustic microclimate isolated of the exterior by means of the own housing.
2.2. THE ACOUSTIC ISOLATION AND CONTROL OF THE SOUND:
We will define the noise as the not wished sound. Therefore, the architecture must try an environment isolated of the exterior noise, and that the generation of noise not to generate or to favor in the interior.
We will achieve this across the following strategies:
1/UBICATION AND CORRECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT:
The first thing is to locate the housing far from the noise source (for example, a road), later to protect her from the same one by means of artificial reliefs, the own natural topography, the vegetation and other acoustic barriers.
2/FORM OF THE BUILDING
There will be two different ways of acting:
- exposing the minimal surface of closing of the building to the noise source in order that he remains protected from him(it).
-exposing the maximum surface of building to the noise source in order that it itself does of barrier.
3/THE LEATHER OR CLOSING
The more opaque and the more thermal inertia has the closing, the more acoustic isolation will provide.
As for the openings (windows, doors ...), these will have to be you suspend (double acristalamient ...)
4/ INTERIOR DISTRIBUTION
The interior distribution and the proportions of the space will be important to safeguard to the building of the exterior noise (placing for example the corridors and the zones of store, machines, etc. In the front exposed to the noise in order that they act of acoustic barrier), but also to avoid the interior reverberation, or the spread of troublesome noises inside the ownhousing (it is suitable for example, to place between(among) a room and his bath an element as dressing room, which isolates her of the noises of the cistern of the watercloset etc)
2.3. SYSTEMS OF CONTROL:
Till now we have spoken about systems of passive control of the behavior bioclimatic about the housing, that is to say, those in which it is not necessary to intervene for his activation.
2.4. FACILITIES OF SUPPLY AND ENERGETIC SAVING
In a house there exist a series of supplies that are realized across the following facilities:
Gas installation: to warm water, to cook. Different types of installation exist depending on the type of gas (propane, butane, natural gas ...). It can be replaced with electricity.
Installation of telecommunications: telephone, television, Internet..
Electrical installation: for system of illumination, to warm the water, to cook. This installation can rest with an installation of SOLAR PLATES FOTOVOLTAICS, which turn the solar radiation into electric power. The ideal thing in this case is that if there takes placeis produced a surplus of energy produced by the photovoltaic plates, this one can be returned to the general network sold at the own company taking advantage of 100 %. Therefore the housing already not only generates his own energy but it turns into a head office of production of clean energy.
There exist also facilities of generation of electricity by means of the wind power, but they are less widespread, at least to domestic level.
Installation of water supply: the drinkable water comes supplied by means of the general network up to the building. From there, part(report) will be going to supply to the different sanitary devices (cold water) and part(report) will be going towards the heater or thermos (of gas, electrical) to turn into WARM WATER
SANITARY and to be supplied to the different sanitary devices (shower, faucets ..). This installation can rest with other one of SOLAR THERMAL PLATES, which warm with solar power the water producing warm sanitary water. This installation connects to the ordinary heater that it detects if the water is sufficiently warm, igniting in opposite case.
One notice therefore that there are TWO TYPES OF SOLAR PLATES:
- SOLAR plates FOTOVOLTÁICAS: they produce electricity. His installation is not obligatory in housings but if advisable from the point of view bioclimatic.
- SOLAR THERMAL plates: they warm water. His installation yes is obligatory in housings.
2.5. WITHDRAWAL OF RAIN WATERS AND RESIDUES'S TREATMENT:
Since we have seen, one of the facilities of supply is that of drinkable water. But there are many liters of water that supplies the above mentioned installation that is wasted (cisterns of waterclosets, irrigation, swimming pools ...). To avoid this, we can install a system of withdrawal of rain waters, that, across the cover he gathers the same ones and takes them to a warehouse(deposit) for his later utilization in cisterns, irrigation, swimming pools, washers, etc.
As for the treatment of residues, since you know, a housing generates residues:
On the one hand what we know for garbage, and in the one that it is necessary to distinguish between organic, plastic residues and packings, paper and carton and glass. To recycle the same ones there has to exist in the housing (in the kitchen(cuisine) usually) a system of classification of the same ones, being able to have in addition a system of manufacture of compost with the organic matter of the garbage in the exterior that can be used this way to pay the exterior(foreign) zones.
On the other hand, the housing generates sewage or fecal, from the outlets of the different sanitary devices (waterclosets, wash basins, showers, tubs, dishwasher, washers ....).
To prevent these waters from contaminating the environment and in addition reusing, we can place a water filter system with pit and biological filter, which will purify the water (eye, not the potabiliza) doing that we could use her again for the cisterns of the waterclosets, irrigation, etc...
I dress all that we can conclude that theBIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECTURE is a sustainable, responsible architecture with the environment, and all this affecting in addition in trying the maximum level of comfort to the user. It is therefore and probably the architecture of the future.
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